ozi

Nchịkọta

Inductor bụ ihe dị ezigbo mkpa na mgbanwe mgbanwe, dị ka nchekwa ike na nzacha ike. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị inductor, dị ka maka ngwa dị iche iche (site na obere ugboro ruo ugboro ugboro), ma ọ bụ ihe dị iche iche bụ isi nke na-emetụta njirimara nke inductor, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Inductor eji eme ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ akụrụngwa magnetik na-adị elu. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ihe dị iche iche dị ka ihe, ọnọdụ ọrụ (dị ka voltaji na ugbu a), na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, njirimara na echiche ndị e gosipụtara dị nnọọ iche. Ya mere, na sekit imewe, na mgbakwunye na nke bụ isi parameter nke inductance uru, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti impedance nke inductor na AC iguzogide na ugboro ugboro, isi ọnwụ na saturation ugbu e ji mara, wdg ga-ka ga-atụle. Edemede a ga-ewebata ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa inductor isi na njirimara ha, ma duzie ndị injinia ike ịhọrọ inductor ọkọlọtọ dị na azụmaahịa.

Okwu mmalite

Inductor bụ akụrụngwa induction elektrọnik, nke a na-etolite site na iji waya akpọchiri ekpuchi ụfọdụ ọnụọgụ (coil) na bobbin ma ọ bụ isi. A na-akpọ eriri mmiri a inductance coil ma ọ bụ Inductor. Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic si dị, mgbe eriri igwe na oghere ndọta na-agagharị n'akụkụ ibe ha, ma ọ bụ eriri igwe na-emepụta oghere magnetik na-agbanwe agbanwe site na nke ọzọ ugbu a, a ga-emepụta voltaji na-akpali akpali iji guzogide mgbanwe nke oghere magnetik mbụ. na njirimara a nke igbochi mgbanwe ugbu a ka a na-akpọ inductance.

The usoro nke inductance uru dị ka usoro (1), nke bụ nhata na magnetik permeability, square nke winding amama N, na Ẹkot magnetik sekit cross-section ebe Ae, na inversely hà nhata magnetik sekit ogologo le. . Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị inductance, nke ọ bụla dabara maka ngwa dị iche iche; ihe inductance metụtara udi, nha, usoro ikuku, ọnụọgụ ntụgharị, na ụdị ihe ndọta etiti.

(1)

Dabere na ọdịdị nke isi ígwè, inductance gụnyere toroidal, E isi na drum; n'ihe gbasara ihe isi igwe, enwere isi seramiiki na ụdị magnetik abụọ dị nro. Ha bụ ferrite na ntụ ntụ. Dabere na usoro ma ọ bụ usoro nkwakọ ngwaahịa, enwere ọnya waya, multi-layer, na akpụzi, na ọnya waya enweghị nchekwa na ọkara nke magnetik gluu Shielded (ọkara-shielded) na mkpuchi (shielded), wdg.

Inductor na-eme ihe dị ka sekit dị mkpụmkpụ na ugbu a, ma na-enye ihe mgbochi dị elu na nke ọzọ. Ihe ndị bụ isi eji eme sekit gụnyere ịkpagbu, nzacha, nzigharị, na nchekwa ike. N'ime ngwa nke ntụgharị ntụgharị, onye inductor bụ ihe nchekwa nchekwa ike kachasị mkpa, ma na-emepụta nzacha dị ala na capacitor mmepụta iji belata mpụta voltaji ripple, ya mere ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ nzacha.

Edemede a ga-ewebata ihe dị iche iche bụ isi nke inductor na njirimara ha, yana ụfọdụ njirimara eletriki nke inductor, dị ka ntụle nyocha dị mkpa maka ịhọrọ inductor n'oge imewe sekit. N'ọmụmaatụ ngwa, otu esi agbakọ uru inductance na otu esi ahọrọ ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ dị na ahịa ka a ga-ewebata site na ọmụmaatụ bara uru.

Ụdị isi ihe

Inductor eji eme ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ akụrụngwa magnetik na-adị elu. Isi ihe dị na etiti na-emetụtakarị njirimara nke inductor, dị ka impedance na ugboro ole, uru inductance na ugboro, ma ọ bụ isi saturation àgwà. Ndị na-esonụ ga-ewebata ntụnyere nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị nke isi ígwè na njirimara saturation ha dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ịhọrọ ike inductor:

1. Seramiiki isi

Seramiiki isi bụ otu n'ime ihe inductance nkịtị. A na-eji ya eme ihe nke ọma iji nye ihe nkwado a na-eji mgbe ọ na-ekugharị eriri igwe. A na-akpọkwa ya "air core inductor". N'ihi na isi ígwè a na-eji bụ ihe na-abụghị ihe ndọta nwere oke okpomọkụ dị ala, uru inductance na-akwụsi ike na oke okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe ndọta dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, inductance dị nnọọ ala, nke na-adịghị mma maka ngwa nke ndị na-agbanwe ike.

2. Ferrite

Isi ferrite eji eme ihe n'ozuzu oke inductors bụ ogige ferrite nwere nickel zinc (NiZn) ma ọ bụ zinc manganese (MnZn), nke bụ ihe magnetik ferromagnetic dị nro nwere mmanye dị ala. Ọgụgụ 1 na-egosi usoro hysteresis (BH loop) nke isi magnetik izugbe. A na-akpọkwa ike mmanye HC nke ihe ndọta, nke pụtara na mgbe ihe ndọta emechara ka ọ bụrụ saturation magnetik, magnetization ya (magnetization) na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ efu ikike ndọta achọrọ n'oge ahụ. Obere mmanye pụtara nguzogide dị ala na demagnetization yana pụtakwara ọnwụ hysteresis dị ala.

Manganese-zinc na nickel-zinc ferrite nwere mmetụta dị elu dị elu (μr), ihe dịka 1500-15000 na 100-1000, n'otu n'otu. Ogo ndọta ha dị elu na-eme ka isi ígwè dị elu n'otu olu. Ihe inductance. Otú ọ dị, mwepu bụ na ya saturation ugbu a na-anagide dị ala, na ozugbo ígwè isi juputara, magnetik permeability ga-ada nke ọma. Rụtụ aka na eserese 4 maka mbelata usoro ndọta nke ferrite na ntụ ntụ mgbe isi igwe juputara. Ntụnyere. Mgbe a na-eji ike inductors, a ga-ahapụ oghere ikuku na sekit magnetik bụ isi, nke nwere ike ibelata permeability, zere saturation ma chekwaa ike ọzọ; mgbe ikuku ikuku gụnyere, ihe nhata ikwu permeability nwere ike ịbụ banyere 20- N'etiti 200. Ebe ọ bụ na elu resistivity nke ihe n'onwe ya nwere ike ibelata ọnwụ kpatara eddy ugbu a, ọnwụ bụ ala na elu frequencies, na ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka. igwe ngbanwe dị elu, EMI nzacha inductor na nchekwa nchekwa ike nke ndị ntụgharị ike. N'ihe gbasara ugboro ole na-arụ ọrụ, nickel-zinc ferrite kwesịrị ekwesị maka ojiji (> 1 MHz), ebe manganese-zinc ferrite kwesịrị ekwesị maka bandwit dị ala (<2 MHz).

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Ọgụgụ 1. Ọkpụkpụ hysteresis nke isi magnetik (BR: remanence; BSAT: saturation magnetik flux density)

3. ntụ ntụ isi isi

Cores ígwè ntụ ntụ bụkwa ihe dị nro magnetik ferromagnetic. A na-eji ígwè ntụ ntụ eme ihe dị iche iche ma ọ bụ naanị ntụ ntụ ígwè. Usoro ahụ nwere ihe na-abụghị ihe ndọta nwere nha nha anya dị iche iche, yabụ usoro saturation dị nro. Isi ntụ ntụ na-abụkarị toroidal. Onyonyo 2 na-egosi isi uzuzu uzuzu na echiche ya na-agafe.

Ihe mkpuchi ígwè a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ígwè-nickel-molybdenum alloy (MPP), sendust (Sendust), ígwè-nickel alloy (high flux) na ígwè ntụ ntụ isi (iron ntụ ntụ). N'ihi akụkụ dị iche iche, njirimara ya na ọnụahịa ya dịkwa iche iche, nke na-emetụta nhọrọ nke inductors. Ndị na-esonụ ga-ewebata ụdị isi ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu wee tulee njirimara ha:

A. Iron-nickel-molybdenum alloy (MPP)

Fe-Ni-Mo alloy na-abiri dị ka MPP, nke bụ mbiri nke molypermalloy ntụ ntụ. The ikwu permeability bụ banyere 14-500, na saturation magnetik flux njupụta bụ banyere 7500 Gauss (Gauss), nke dị elu karịa saturation magnetik flux njupụta nke ferrite (ihe dị ka 4000-5000 Gauss). Ọtụtụ pụọ. MPP nwere obere mfu ígwè ma nwee nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ kachasị mma n'etiti cores ígwè ntụ ntụ. Mgbe mpụta DC ugbu a ruru saturation ugbu a ISAT, inductance uru ebelata nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enweghị mberede attenuation. MPP nwere arụmọrụ ka mma mana ọnụ ahịa dị elu, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ike inductor na nzacha EMI maka ndị ntụgharị ọkụ.

B. Sendust

Ihe nkedo nke ígwè-silicon-aluminom alloy iron isi bụ ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta ígwè, silicon, na aluminom, nke nwere njikọ magnetik nke ihe dị ka 26 ruo 125. Ọnwụ ígwè dị n'etiti ígwè ntụ ntụ na MPP na ígwè-nickel alloy. . Njupụta magnetik saturation dị elu karịa MPP, ihe dịka 10500 Gauss. Nkwụsi ike ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na njirimara saturation dị ugbu a dị ntakịrị ala karịa MPP na ígwè-nickel alloy, mana ọ dị mma karịa isi ntụ ntụ na ferrite core, na ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa dị ọnụ ala karịa MPP na ígwè-nickel alloy. A na-ejikarị ya na nzacha EMI, sekit ihe mgbazi ike (PFC) na ike inductor nke ndị na-agbanwe ike.

C. Ígwè-nickel alloy (oke flux)

A na-eji ígwè na nickel eme ihe bụ isi nke ígwè-nickel alloy. Oghere ndọta dị nso bụ ihe dịka 14-200. Ọnwụ ígwè na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ dị n'etiti MPP na ígwè-silicon-aluminom alloy. Isi nickel alloy nke ígwè-nickel nwere njupụta magnetik saturation kachasị elu, ihe dị ka 15,000 Gauss, ma nwee ike iguzogide oke iyi egwu DC dị elu, na àgwà adịghị mma nke DC ya dịkwa mma. Oke ngwa: mgbazi ihe ihe ike na-arụ ọrụ, inductance nchekwa ike, inductance filter, ihe ngbanwe ugboro dị elu nke ihe ntụgharị flyback, wdg.

D. Ígwè ntụ ntụ

A na-eji isi ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ígwè ntụ ntụ dị elu dị elu nke nwere obere ihe dị ntakịrị nke na-ekpuchi ibe ya. Usoro mmepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ nwee oghere ikuku na-ekesa. Na mgbakwunye na udi mgbanaka, ụdị isi uzuzu ígwè a na-ahụkarị nwekwara ụdị E-na stamping. Oghere ndọta dị n'etiti etiti ntụ ntụ bụ ihe dịka 10 ruo 75, na njupụta magnetik saturation dị elu bụ ihe dịka 15000 Gauss. N'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, ígwè ntụ ntụ ntụ nwere nnukwu mfu ígwè ma ọ dị ọnụ ala.

Ọnụọgụ 3 na-egosi akụkụ BH nke PC47 manganese-zinc ferrite nke TDK na-emepụta na ntụ ntụ ntụ -52 na -2 nke MICROMETALS rụpụtara; ikike ndọta ikwu nke manganese-zinc ferrite dị elu karịa nke cores iron powdered ma juputara na njupụta magnetik dị iche iche dịkwa iche iche, ferrite dị ihe dị ka 5000 Gauss na isi ntụ ntụ bụ ihe karịrị 10000 Gauss.

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Ọgụgụ 3. BH curve nke manganese-zinc ferrite na ígwè ntụ ntụ nke ihe dị iche iche

Na nchịkọta, njirimara saturation nke isi ígwè dị iche iche; ozugbo saturation ugbu a gafere, ike ndọta nke ferrite core ga-adaba nke ọma, ebe isi ntụ ntụ ígwè nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ belata. Ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi njirimara ndọta ndọta nke isi ntụ ntụ nwere otu ikike ndọta na ferrite nwere oghere ikuku n'okpuru ike ndọta dị iche iche. Nke a na-akọwakwa inductance nke ferrite core, n'ihi na njedebe na-adaba nke ọma mgbe isi ahụ jupụtara, dị ka a pụrụ ịhụ site na nha (1), ọ na-emekwa ka inductance daa nke ọma; mgbe isi ntụ ntụ na-ekesa ikuku ikuku, ihe ndọta magnetik Ọnụego ahụ na-ebelata nwayọọ nwayọọ mgbe ígwè ígwè na-ejupụta, ya mere inductance na-ebelata nke ọma karị, ya bụ, ọ nwere àgwà dị mma nke DC. Na ngwa nke ndị ntụgharị ike, njirimara a dị ezigbo mkpa; ma ọ bụrụ na njirimara saturation ngwa ngwa nke inductor adịghị mma, onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ugbu a na-ebili na saturation ugbu a, na mberede ịdaba na inductance ga-eme ka nrụgide dị ugbu a nke kristal na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ebili nke ọma, nke dị mfe imebi.

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Onyonyo 4. Magnetik permeability dobe àgwà nke ntụ ntụ ntụ isi na ferrite iron isi nwere oghere ikuku n'okpuru dị iche iche magnetik ike.

Njirimara ọkụ inductor na nhazi ngwugwu

Mgbe ị na-emepụta ihe ntụgharị ma na-ahọpụta onye inductor, uru inductance L, impedance Z, AC resistance ACR na Q uru (ihe dị mma), akara IDC na ISAT dị ugbu a, na isi ọnwụ (isi ọnwụ) na njirimara eletrik ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ihe niile ga-emerịrị. ga-atụle. Na mgbakwunye, nhazi nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke inductor ga-emetụta ịdị ukwuu nke ndọta ndọta, nke na-emetụta EMI. Ndị na-esonụ ga-atụle njirimara ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu iche iche dị ka echiche maka ịhọrọ inductor.

1. Uru inductance (L)

Uru inductance nke onye inductor bụ ihe kacha mkpa bụ isi na nhazi sekit, mana a ga-enyocharịrị ma uru inductance kwụsiri ike n'oge ọrụ. A na-atụkarị uru ọnụ nke inductance na 100 kHz ma ọ bụ 1 MHz na-enweghị mkparị DC nke mpụga. Na iji hụ na enwere ike imepụta ihe na-akpaghị aka, nnabata nke inductor na-abụkarị ± 20% (M) na ± 30% (N). Ọgụgụ 5 bụ eserese njirimara inductance-ugboro nke Taiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M tụrụ ya na mita LCR nke Wayne Kerr. Dị ka egosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ a, ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ inductance dị ntakịrị tupu 5 MHz, na uru inductance nwere ike ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịgide adịgide. N'ime eriri ugboro dị elu n'ihi ụda nke ike parasitic na inductance na-emepụta, uru inductance ga-abawanye. A na-akpọ ugboro resonance a ugboro ugboro nke onwe (SRF), nke na-achọkarị ịdị elu karịa ugboro arụ ọrụ.

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Onyonyo 5, Taiyo Yuden NR4018T220M inductance-frequency njirimara eserese eserese.

2. Mgbochi (Z)

Dịka e gosiri na eserese 6, a pụkwara ịhụ eserese impedance site na arụmọrụ nke inductance na ugboro dị iche iche. Ihe mgbochi nke inductor bụ ihe nhata na ugboro ole (Z = 2πfL), ya mere ka ọ dị elu, mmeghachi omume ahụ ga-adị ukwuu karịa nkwụsị AC, ya mere impedance na-akpa àgwà dị ka inductance dị ọcha (usoro bụ 90˚). N'ebe dị elu, n'ihi mmetụta nke ike parasitic, a pụrụ ịhụ ihe na-emegharị onwe ya ugboro ugboro nke impedance. Mgbe oge a gasịrị, impedance ahụ na-adaba ma ghọọ capacitive, usoro ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee ruo -90 ˚.

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3. Q uru na AC mgbochi (ACR)

Uru Q na nkọwa nke inductance bụ oke nke mmeghachi omume na nguzogide, ya bụ, oke nke akụkụ ahụ a na-eche n'echiche na akụkụ ahụ nke impedance, dị ka usoro (2).

(2)

Ebe XL bụ mmeghachi omume nke inductor, na RL bụ nguzogide AC nke inductor.

N'ebe dị ala dị ala, nguzogide AC dị ukwuu karịa mmeghachi omume nke inductance kpatara, ya mere uru Q ya dị ala; ka ugboro na-abawanye, mmeghachi omume (ihe dị ka 2πfL) na-ebuwanye ibu ma buru ibu, ọ bụrụgodị na nguzogide n'ihi mmetụta anụ ahụ (mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ) na nso nso (mmetụta) mmetụta) Mmetụta ahụ na-ebuwanye ibu ma buru ibu, uru Q ka na-abawanye na ugboro ole. ; mgbe ị na-abịaru nso SRF, mmeghachi omume inductive na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ewepụ site na mmeghachi omume capacitive, uru Q na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-adị ntakịrị; mgbe SRF na-aghọ efu, n'ihi na inductive reactance na capacitive reactance bụ kpamkpam otu efu. Ọgụgụ 7 na-egosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti uru Q na ugboro ole NR4018T220M, na mmekọrịta dị n'ụdị mgbịrịgba tụgharịrị.

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Ọgụgụ 7. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti uru Q na ugboro ole Taiyo Yuden inductor NR4018T220M

Na ngwa ugboro band nke inductance, elu Q uru, mma; ọ pụtara na mmeghachi omume ya dị ukwuu karịa nguzogide AC. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, uru Q kacha mma dị n'elu 40, nke pụtara na àgwà nke inductor dị mma. Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu ka mkparị DC na-abawanye, uru inductance ga-ebelata na uru Q ga-ebelata. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji waya enamel dị larịị ma ọ bụ eriri enameled multi-strand, mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ, ya bụ, nguzogide AC, nwere ike ibelata, uru Q nke inductor nwekwara ike ịba ụba.

A na-ewerekarị DCR na-eguzogide DC dị ka nguzogide DC nke waya ọla kọpa, enwere ike gbakọọ nguzogide dịka dayameta waya na ogologo. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị inductor SMD dị ugbu a ga-eji ultrasonic welding mee mpempe ọla kọpa nke SMD na njedebe winding. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na waya ọla kọpa adịghị ogologo n'ogologo na uru nkwụsị adịghị elu, nkwụsị ịgbado ọkụ na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ dị ukwuu nke nguzogide DC n'ozuzu ya. Inweta TDK waya-ọnya SMD inductor CLF6045NIT-1R5N dị ka ihe atụ, ndị tụrụ DC nguzogide bụ 14.6mΩ, na DC nguzogide gbakọọ dabere na waya dayameta na ogologo bụ 12.1mΩ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na nguzogide ịgbado ọkụ a bụ ihe dịka 17% nke nguzogide DC n'ozuzu ya.

AC-eguzogide ACR nwere mmetụta akpụkpọ anụ na nso nso, nke ga-eme ka ACR na-abawanye ugboro ugboro; na ngwa nke inductance n'ozuzu, n'ihi na akụkụ AC dị nnọọ ala karịa akụkụ DC, mmetụta nke ACR kpatara adịghị apụta ìhè; ma na ìhè ibu, N'ihi na DC akụrụngwa na-ebelata, ọnwụ kpatara ACR enweghị ike ileghara anya. Mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ pụtara na n'okpuru ọnọdụ AC, nkesa dị ugbu a n'ime onye na-eduzi ya bụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma gbadosie ike n'elu waya ahụ, na-eme ka mbelata na mpaghara cross-section nke nha nha waya, nke na-eme ka nkwụsị nke waya na-abawanye. ugboro ugboro. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, na ikuku ikuku, wires ndị dị n'akụkụ ga-eme ka mgbakwunye na mwepu nke oghere magnetik n'ihi ugbu a, nke mere na ugbu a na-etinye uche n'elu n'akụkụ waya (ma ọ bụ n'ebe dị anya, dabere na ntụziaka nke ugbu a). ), nke na-ebutekwa ndakọrịta waya. Ihe omume nke mpaghara ahụ na-ebelata na nkwụsị nke nhata na-abawanye bụ ihe a na-akpọ mmetụta nso; na ngwa inductance nke winding multilayer, mmetụta nso nso na-apụta ìhè karị.

8

Ọgụgụ 8 na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti nguzogide AC na ugboro ole SMD inductor NR4018T220M nwere ọnya waya. Na a ugboro nke 1kHz, ndị na-eguzogide bụ banyere 360mΩ; na 100kHz, nguzogide na-ebili na 775mΩ; na 10MHz, uru nguzogide dị nso 160Ω. Mgbe ị na-atụle ọnwụ ọla kọpa, mgbako ahụ ga-atụle ACR nke akpụkpọ ahụ kpatara na mmetụta nso, ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ usoro (3).

4. Saturation ugbu a (ISAT)

Saturation ugbu a ISAT bụ n'ozuzu oke eleghi anya ugbu a akara mgbe uru inductance belatara dị ka 10%, 30%, ma ọ bụ 40%. Maka oghere ikuku ferrite, n'ihi na njirimara saturation ya dị ugbu a dị ngwa ngwa, ọ dịghị ihe dị iche n'etiti 10% na 40%. Rụtụ aka na eserese 4. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ isi ntụ ntụ ígwè (dị ka stampụ inductor), saturation curve dị nro dị nro, dị ka e gosiri na foto 9, nhụsianya dị ugbu a na 10% ma ọ bụ 40% nke attenuation inductance dị ukwuu. dị iche iche, ya mere a ga-atụle uru saturation dị ugbu a iche iche maka ụdị abụọ nke cores ígwè dị ka ndị a.

Maka oghere ikuku ferrite, ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya iji ISAT dị ka oke elu nke inductor kachasị ugbu a maka ngwa sekit. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ isi ntụ ntụ ígwè, n'ihi njirimara saturation ngwa ngwa, ọ gaghị enwe nsogbu ọ bụrụgodị na ihe kachasị ugbu a nke sekit ngwa karịrị ISAT. Ya mere, njirimara isi ígwè a kachasị mma maka ịgbanye ngwa ntụgharị. N'okpuru ibu dị arọ, ọ bụ ezie na uru inductance nke inductor dị ala, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 9, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ugbu a dị elu, ma ugbu a capacitor dị ugbu a ndidi dị elu, n'ihi ya, ọ gaghị abụ nsogbu. N'okpuru ibu dị arọ, uru inductance nke onye na-emepụta ihe na-ebuwanye ibu, nke na-enyere aka belata ụda nke ugbu a nke inductor, si otú ahụ belata nkwụsị ígwè. Ọgụgụ 9 tụlere usoro saturation dị ugbu a nke ọnya TDK ferrite SLF7055T1R5N na stampụ iron powder core inductor SPM6530T1R5M n'okpuru otu uru aha inductance.

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Onyonyo 9. Saturation ugbu a usoro nke ọnya ferrite na stampụ ígwè ntụ ntụ isi n'okpuru otu ọnụ ala uru nke inductance

5. Egotara ugbu a (IDC)

Uru IDC bụ nhụsianya DC mgbe okpomọkụ inductor na-ebili ruo Tr˚C. Nkọwapụta na-egosikwa uru nguzogide DC ya RDC na 20˚C. Dị ka ọnụọgụ okpomọkụ nke waya ọla kọpa dị ihe dịka 3,930 ppm, mgbe okpomọkụ nke Tr na-ebili, uru nkwụsị ya bụ RDC_Tr = RDC (1 + 0.00393Tr), na ike ya bụ PCU = I2DCxRDC. Mfu ọla kọpa a na-agbasa n'elu onye inductor, enwere ike gbakọọ nguzogide thermal ΘTH nke inductor:

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Tebụl 2 na-ezo aka na mpempe data nke usoro TDK VLS6045EX (6.0 × 6.0 × 4.5mm), wee gbakọọ nguzogide okpomọkụ na ịrị elu okpomọkụ nke 40˚C. N'ụzọ doro anya, maka inductors nke otu usoro na size, gbakọọ thermal nguzogide fọrọ nke nta ka otu n'ihi otu elu okpomọkụ dissipation ebe; N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere ike ime atụmatụ IDC dị ugbu a nke inductor dị iche iche. Usoro dị iche iche (ngwugwu) nke inductor nwere ihe mgbochi okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Tebụl 3 na-atụnyere nguzogide okpomọkụ nke inductors nke usoro TDK VLS6045EX (ọkara-shielded) na usoro SPM6530 (akpụzi). N'ịbụ nke ka ukwuu na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, elu okpomọkụ ịrị elu eme mgbe inductance na-aga site na ibu ugbu a; ma ọ bụghị, ala.

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Tebụl 2. Nguzogide okpomọkụ nke VLS6045EX usoro inductor na oke okpomọkụ nke 40˚C

Enwere ike ịhụ site na Tebụl 3 na ọ bụrụgodị na nha nke inductor yiri nke ahụ, nguzogide okpomọkụ nke inductor stampụ dị ala, ya bụ, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ ka mma.

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Tebụl 3. Ntụle nke nguzogide okpomọkụ nke inductor ngwugwu dị iche iche.

6. Isi ọnwụ

Mfu isi, nke a na-akpọ dị ka mfu ígwè, na-ebutekarị site na mfu eddy ugbu a na mfu hysteresis. The size nke eddy ugbu a ọnwụ tumadi dabere ma isi ihe dị mfe "ime"; ọ bụrụ na conductivity dị elu, ya bụ, resistivity dị ala, nkwụsị nke eddy dị ugbu a dị elu, ma ọ bụrụ na resistivity nke ferrite dị elu, nkwụsị nke ugbu a dị ntakịrị. Ọnwụ Eddy ugbu a na-emetụtakwa ugboro ole. Ka ọ na-adịwanye elu, ka mfu eddy dị ugbu a na-abawanye. Ya mere, isi ihe ga-ekpebi oge ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke isi. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, oge ọrụ nke ígwè ntụ ntụ isi nwere ike iru 1MHz, na ugboro ugboro nke ferrite nwere ike iru 10MHz. Ọ bụrụ na ugboro ọrụ karịrị ugboro a, mfu eddy ugbu a ga-abawanye ngwa ngwa na isi ọnọdụ igwe ga-abawanye. Otú ọ dị, site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ígwè cores na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro kwesịrị ịdị n'akụkụ nkuku.

Ihe ọzọ na-efunahụ ígwè bụ nkwụsị nke hysteresis, nke dị nhata na mpaghara nke a na-ejikọta ya na mgbatị hysteresis, nke metụtara njupụta swing nke akụkụ AC nke ugbu a; ka AC swing ka ukwuu, ka ọ na-efunahụ hysteresis.

Na sekit yiri nke onye inductor, a na-ejikarị resistor ejikọrọ na nke inductor iji gosipụta ọnwụ ígwè. Mgbe ugboro ha nhata na SRF, mmeghachi omume inductive na reactance capacitive ga-akagbu, na mmeghachi omume nhata bụ efu. N'oge a, impedance nke inductor bụ ihe nhata na nkwụsị nke ígwè na usoro nke ikuku na-eguzogide, na nkwụsị nke ígwè na-eguzogide dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa nkwụsị ikuku, ya mere Mkpebi dị na SRF bụ ihe dịka nkwụsị nke nkwụsị ígwè. N'iji inductor dị ala dị ka ihe atụ, nkwụsi ike nke ígwè ya bụ ihe dịka 20kΩ. Ọ bụrụ na voltaji bara uru dị na nsọtụ abụọ nke inductor na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụ 5V, ọnyà ígwè ya dị ihe dị ka 1.25mW, nke na-egosikwa na nnukwu nkwụsi ike nke ígwè, ka mma.

7. Ọdịdị ọta

Nhazi nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke inductors ferrite na-agụnye ndị na-abụghị ihe nchebe, nke nwere ihe mgbochi magnetik, na mkpuchi, ma enwere nnukwu oghere ikuku na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha. N'ụzọ doro anya, oghere ikuku ga-enwe oghere magnetik, na n'ọnọdụ kachasị njọ, ọ ga-egbochi obere sekit mgbaama gbara ya gburugburu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na e nwere ihe magnetik dị nso, a ga-agbanwekwa inductance ya. Ihe nhazi nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọzọ bụ ihe inductor ntụ ntụ nke steepụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị oghere n'ime inductor na winding Ọdịdị siri ike, nsogbu nke ndọta ndọta bụ dịtụ obere. Ọgụgụ 10 bụ iji ọrụ FFT nke RTO 1004 oscilloscope iji tụọ ịdị ukwuu nke oghere ndọta na-agbapụta na 3mm n'elu yana n'akụkụ nke inductor nwere akara. Tebụl 4 na-edepụta ntụnyere nke oghere ndọta na-agbapụta nke inductors nhazi ngwugwu dị iche iche. Enwere ike ịhụ na ndị inductors na-enweghị mkpuchi nwere ihe ndọtị magnetik kachasị njọ; Inductor stampụ nwere ntakịrị ntapu magnetik, na-egosi mmetụta mkpuchi magnetik kacha mma. . Ọdịiche dị n'ịdị ukwuu nke oghere ndọta nke inductors nke ihe owuwu abụọ a bụ ihe dịka 14dB, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ugboro ise.

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Ọnụọgụ 10. Ogo nke oghere ndọta leakage tụrụ na 3mm n'elu yana n'akụkụ onye inductor nwere akara.

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Isiokwu 4. Ntụle nke ntapu magnetik nke dị iche iche ngwugwu Ọdịdị inductors

8. njikọ

N'ụfọdụ ngwa, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-enwe ọtụtụ ihe ntụgharị DC na PCB, nke a na-ahazikarị n'akụkụ ibe ya, a na-ahazikwa inductor ha kwekọrọ n'akụkụ ibe ha. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji ụdị enweghị nchekwa ma ọ bụ nke nwere ọkara mkpuchi nwere ike ijikọ ya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ iji mepụta nnyonye anya EMI. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-etinye inductor, a na-atụ aro ka ị buru ụzọ mara polarity nke inductor, ma jikọọ ebe mmalite na ikuku nke oyi akwa nke inductor na voltaji na-agbanwe nke onye ntụgharị, dị ka VSW nke onye ntụgharị ego. nke bụ ebe na-akpụ akpụ. A na-ejikọta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, nke bụ ebe nkwụsị; Ya mere winding waya ọla kọpa na-etolite n'ókè ụfọdụ nke nchekwa ọkụ eletrik. Na nhazi wiring nke multiplexer, idozi polarity nke inductance na-enyere aka dozie ịdị ukwuu nke inductance ibe ma zere ụfọdụ nsogbu EMI na-atụghị anya ya.

Ngwa:

Isi nke gara aga tụlere isi ihe, nhazi ngwugwu, na njirimara eletrik dị mkpa nke inductor. Isiakwụkwọ a ga-akọwa otu esi ahọrọ uru inductance kwesịrị ekwesị nke onye ntụgharị buck yana echiche maka ịhọrọ inductor dị na azụmaahịa.

Dị ka egosiri na nhata (5), uru inductor na oge ngbanwe nke onye ntụgharị ga-emetụta inductor ripple current (ΔiL). The inductor ripple ugbu a ga-esi na mmepụta capacitor na-emetụta ripple ugbu a nke mmepụta capacitor. Ya mere, ọ ga-emetụta nhọrọ nke mmepụta capacitor na-emetụta n'ihu nke ripple size nke mmepụta voltaji. Ọzọkwa, uru inductance na mmepụta capacitance mmepụta ga-emetụtakwa nzaghachi nzaghachi nke usoro na nzaghachi ike nke ibu ahụ. Ịhọrọ uru inductance ka ukwuu nwere obere nrụgide ugbu a na capacitor, ọ bụkwa uru iji belata mmepụta voltaji ripple ma nwee ike ịchekwa ike karịa. Otú ọ dị, uru inductance ka ukwuu na-egosi nnukwu olu, ya bụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-emepụta ihe ntụgharị, nhazi nke uru inductance dị ezigbo mkpa.

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Enwere ike ịhụ site na usoro (5) na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti voltaji ntinye na mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu, ihe ntanetị nke inductor ga-adịwanye ukwuu, nke bụ ọnọdụ kachasị njọ nke mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe. Ejikọta ya na nyocha ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe, a na-ahọrọkarị ihe nrụpụta inductance nke onye ntụgharị mgbada n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke oke ntinye voltaji na ibu zuru oke.

Mgbe ị na-emebe uru inductance, ọ dị mkpa ime mgbanwe n'etiti inductor ripple current na inductor size, na ihe na-eme ugbu a (ripple current factor; γ) ka akọwara ebe a, dị ka usoro (6).

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Dochie usoro (6) n'ime usoro (5), uru inductance nwere ike ịkọwa dị ka usoro (7).

(7)

Dị ka usoro (7), mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ntinye na mmepụta voltaji buru ibu, γ uru nwere ike họrọ ibu; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ntinye na mmepụta voltaji dị nso, γ uru imewe ga-adị ntakịrị. Ka ịhọrọ n'etiti inductor ripple ugbu a na nha, dịka uru ahụmịhe imewe ọdịnala siri dị, γ na-abụkarị 0.2 ruo 0.5. Ihe na-esonụ na-ewere RT7276 dịka ọmụmaatụ iji gosi ngụkọ nke inductance na nhọrọ nke inductor dị na ahịa.

Ihe atụ imewe: Emebere ya na RT7276 na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu (Advanced Constant On-Time; ACOTTM) na-emezigharị nzọụkwụ mgbada, ugboro ugboro ya bụ 700 kHz, voltaji ntinye bụ 4.5V ruo 18V, voltaji mmepụta bụ 1.05V. . Ihe zuru oke ugbu a bụ 3A. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, a ghaghị ịmepụta uru inductance n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ntinye ntinye kachasị elu nke 18V na ibu zuru oke nke 3A, uru nke γ na-ewere dị ka 0.35, ma dochie uru dị n'elu n'ime nha (7), inductance. uru bụ

Jiri ihe inductor nwere uru inductance nkịtị nke 1.5µH. Usoro dochie anya (5) iji gbakọọ inductor ripple ugbu a dị ka ndị a.

Ya mere, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke inductor bụ

Na uru bara uru nke inductor ugbu a (IRMS) bụ

N'ihi na akụkụ inductor ripple dị obere, uru dị irè nke inductor ugbu a bụ tumadi akụrụngwa DC ya, a na-ejikwa uru a dị irè dị ka ihe ndabere maka ịhọrọ onye inductor nwere akara IDC dị ugbu a. Site na imewe 80% derating (derating), ihe inductance chọrọ bụ:

L = 1.5 µH (100 kHz), IDC = 3.77 A, ISAT = 4.34 A

Tebụl 5 depụtara ndị inductor dị iche iche nke usoro TDK dị iche iche, nha nha mana dị iche na nhazi ngwugwu. Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na saturation dị ugbu a na akara nke ugbu a nke stampụ inductor (SPM6530T-1R5M) buru ibu, na nguzogide okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị na nkwụsị ọkụ dị mma. Na mgbakwunye, dị ka mkparịta ụka na isiakwụkwọ gara aga, isi ihe nke inductor stampụ bụ isi ntụ ntụ, ya mere a na-atụnyere ya na ferrite core nke ọkara-shielded (VLS6045EX-1R5N) na mkpuchi (SLF7055T-1R5N) inductors. na magnetik gluu. , Nwere ezigbo DC ele mmadụ anya n'ihu. Ọgụgụ 11 na-egosi ntụnyere arụmọrụ nke inductor dị iche iche etinyere na RT7276 na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emekọrịta ihe n'oge mgbada mgbada. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ọdịiche arụmọrụ dị n'etiti atọ ahụ adịghị mkpa. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-atụle ikpo ọkụ ọkụ, DC e ji mara ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na ndọta ndọta okwu, a na-atụ aro iji SPM6530T-1R5M inductor.

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Isiokwu 5. Ntụle nke inductances nke dị iche iche usoro nke TDK

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Ọgụgụ 11. Ntụle arụmọrụ ntụgharị na inductor dị iche iche

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ otu ngwugwu Ọdịdị na inductance uru, ma nta size inductors, dị ka SPM4015T-1R5M (4.4 × 4.1 × 1.5mm), ọ bụ ezie na ya size bụ obere, ma DC iguzogide RDC (44.5mΩ) na thermal iguzogide ΘTH ( 51˚C) /W) ibu. Maka ndị ntụgharị nke otu nkọwapụta, uru dị irè nke ugbu a nke onye inductor kwadoro bụkwa otu ihe ahụ. N'ụzọ doro anya, nguzogide DC ga-ebelata arụmọrụ n'okpuru ibu dị arọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nnukwu nguzogide okpomọkụ pụtara nkwụsị ọkụ na-adịghị mma. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ onye inductor, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ dị mkpa ịtụle uru nke belata nha, kamakwa iji nyochaa mmejọ ya na-esote.

Na ngwụcha

Inductance bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-agafe agafe na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịgbanwe ndị ntụgharị ike, nke enwere ike iji maka nchekwa ike na nzacha. Otú ọ dị, na imewe sekit, ọ bụghị naanị uru inductance ka a ga-aṅa ntị na ya, ma ihe ndị ọzọ gụnyere AC resistance na Q uru, ndidi ugbu a, saturation nke ígwè isi, na ngwugwu ngwugwu, wdg, bụ ihe niile kwesịrị ekwesị. a ga-atụle mgbe ị na-ahọrọ inductor. . Ihe ndị a na-ejikọtakarị na isi ihe, usoro mmepụta ihe, na nha na ọnụ ahịa. Ya mere, isiokwu a na-ewebata njirimara nke ihe dị iche iche nke ígwè dị iche iche na otu esi ahọrọ inductance kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka ntụaka maka imepụta ike.