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Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke inductance bụ ihe nkịtị. Iji kọwaa ihe inductance bụ, anyị na-amalite site na isi ihe anụ ahụ.

1. Ihe atụ abụọ na otu iwu: magnetism na-ebute ọkụ eletrik, ọkụ eletrik na-ebute magnetism, na iwu Lenz.

1.1 Electromagnetic onu

Enwere nnwale na physics nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị: mgbe a na-etinye obere agịga magnetik n'akụkụ onye na-eduzi ya ugbu a, ntụziaka nke obere agịga magnet na-atụgharị, nke na-egosi na e nwere oghere magnetik gburugburu ugbu a. Ọkachamara physicist Danish Oersted chọpụtara ihe a na 1820.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-eme ka onye na-eduzi ya banye n'okirikiri, oghere magnetik nke ọ bụla gburugburu nke onye nduzi ahụ na-emepụta nwere ike ịdaba, na mkpokọta magnetik ga-esiwanye ike, nke nwere ike ịdọta obere ihe. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, a na-eme ka eriri igwe na-enye ume na ugbu a nke 2 ~ 3A. Rịba ama na waya enameled nwere njedebe dị ugbu a, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-agbaze n'ihi oke okpomọkụ.

2. Magnetoelectricity onu

Na 1831, onye Britain bụ́ ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ́ Faraday chọpụtara na mgbe akụkụ nke onye na-eduzi sekit mechiri emechi na-akwali ibelata oghere magnetik, ọkụ eletrik ga-adị na onye na-eduzi ya. Ihe a na-achọsi ike bụ na sekit na oghere magnetik nọ na gburugburu ebe a na-agbanwe agbanwe, ya mere a na-akpọ ya "dynamic" magnetoelectricity, na ihe a na-emepụta na-akpọ induced current.

Anyị nwere ike iji moto mee nnwale. N'ime moto brushed DC nkịtị, akụkụ stator bụ magnet na-adịgide adịgide yana akụkụ rotor bụ onye na-eduzi eriri igwe. Iji aka na-atụgharị rotor pụtara na onye na-eduzi ya na-akpụ akpụ iji belata ahịrị magnetik nke ike. Iji oscilloscope jikọọ electrodes abụọ nke moto, enwere ike tụọ mgbanwe voltaji. A na-eme generator dabere na ụkpụrụ a.

3. Iwu Lenz

Iwu Lenz: Ntuzi aka nke ugbu a na-ebute site na mgbanwe nke ndọta bụ ntụzịaka nke na-emegide mgbanwe ndọta.

Nghọta dị mfe maka ahịrịokwu a bụ: mgbe oghere ndọta (mpaghara ndọta nke mpụga) nke gburugburu ebe onye na-eduzi na-esiwanye ike, oghere magnetik nke a na-eme ugbu a na-emepụta na-emegide oghere magnetik dị n'èzí, na-eme ka mkpokọta magnetik n'ozuzu ya ghara ike karịa nke mpụga. oghere ndọta. Mgbe oghere magnetik (oghere ndọta mpụga) nke gburugburu ebe onye na-eduzi na-esiwanye ike, oghere magnetik nke a na-eme ugbu a na-eme ka ọ dị n'akụkụ ebe ndọta dị n'èzí, na-eme ka mkpokọta magnetik n'ozuzu ya sie ike karịa oghere magnetik mpụga.

Enwere ike iji iwu Lenz chọpụta ntụzịaka nke ihe na-eme ugbu a na sekit.

2. Spiral tube coil – na-akọwa otú inductors si arụ ọrụ Site na ihe ọmụma nke ihe abụọ dị n'elu na otu iwu, ka anyị hụ ka inductor si arụ ọrụ.

Inductor kacha mfe bụ eriri igwe spiral tube:

Ọnọdụ n'oge ike-na

Anyị na-ebipụ obere akụkụ nke spiral tube ma nwee ike ịhụ eriri abụọ, eriri A na eriri B:

N'oge usoro ike-na, ọnọdụ dị ka ndị a:

①Coil A na-agafe ugbu a, na-eche na ntụzịaka ya dị ka egosipụtara site na eriri siri ike na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-akpọ mpụta excitation ugbu a;
② Dị ka ụkpụrụ nke electromagnetism si kwuo, ihe mkpali dị n'èzí na-emepụta oghere magnetik, nke na-amalite ịgbasa na oghere gbara ya gburugburu ma na-ekpuchi eriri B, nke ya na eriri B na-egbutu ahịrị magnetik nke ike, dị ka e gosipụtara site na eriri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ;
③Dịka ụkpụrụ nke magnetoelectricity siri dị, a na-emepụta ihe na-eme ugbu a na coil B, na ntụziaka ya bụ nke e gosipụtara site na ahịrị siri ike nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, bụ nke na-emegide mpụta mkpali ugbu a;
④ Dị ka iwu Lenz si dị, oghere ndọta nke ihe a na-eme ugbu a na-eme bụ iji mebie oghere magnetik nke ihe na-akpali akpali ugbu a, dị ka e gosiri site na ahịrị ntụpọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ;

Ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe ike na-arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike (DC)

Mgbe ike-na kwụsiri ike, mpụta mkpali dị ugbu a nke eriri igwe A na-adịgide adịgide, ebe ndọta ọ na-ewepụta na-adịkwa mgbe niile. Igwe ndọta enweghị mmegharị nke nwere eriri B, yabụ enweghị magnetoelectricity, ọ nweghịkwa ugbu a na-anọchi anya ahịrị siri ike ndụ ndụ. N'oge a, inductor na-adaba na sekit dị mkpirikpi maka mkpali mpụga.

3. Njirimara nke inductance: ugbu a enweghị ike ịgbanwe na mberede

Mgbe ịghọta otú iheinductorna-arụ ọrụ, ka anyị leba anya na njirimara ya kachasị mkpa - nke dị ugbu a na inductor enweghị ike ịgbanwe na mberede.

Na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ, axis kwụ ọtọ nke ziri ezi bụ oge, na axis vetikal bụ ugbu a na inductor. A na-ewere oge mgba ọkụ ahụ dị ka mmalite nke oge.

Enwere ike ịhụ na:1. N'oge a na-emechi mgba ọkụ, ihe dị ugbu a na inductor bụ 0A, nke ya na inductor na-emepe emepe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ngwa ngwa ugbu a na-agbanwe nke ọma, nke ga-emepụta nnukwu ihe na-eme ugbu a (green) iji guzogide mpụta excitation ugbu a (acha anụnụ anụnụ);

2. N'ime usoro nke iru ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, ihe dị ugbu a na inductor na-agbanwe nke ukwuu;

3. Mgbe ha rutere n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, ihe dị ugbu a na inductor bụ I=E/R, nke ya na inductor na-adị mkpụmkpụ;

4. N'ikwekọ na ihe a na-eme ka ọ dị ugbu a bụ ike electromotive na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara imebi E, ya mere a na-akpọ ya Back EMF (reverse electromotive energy);

4. Gịnị bụ kpọmkwem inductance?

A na-eji inductance kọwaa ike ngwaọrụ iguzogide mgbanwe dị ugbu a. Ka ike siri ike iguzogide mgbanwe ndị dị ugbu a, ka inductance ka ukwuu, na ntụgharị.

Maka mkpali DC, onye inductor na-emecha na ọnọdụ mkpirisi okirikiri (voltaji bụ 0). Otú ọ dị, n'oge ike na-arụ ọrụ, voltaji na ugbu a abụghị 0, nke pụtara na enwere ike. Usoro nke ikpokọta ume a ka a na-akpọ chaja. Ọ na-echekwa ike a n'ụdị magnetik wee wepụta ike mgbe achọrọ ya (dịka mgbe mkpali mpụga enweghị ike idobe nha dị ugbu a na ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ).

Inductor bụ ngwaọrụ inertial na mpaghara electromagnetic. Ngwa inertial adịghị amasị mgbanwe, dị ka flywheels na dynamics. Ọ na-esiri ha ike ịmalite ịgbagharị na mbụ, ozugbo ha malitere ịgba, ọ na-esiri ha ike ịkwụsị. Usoro dum na-esonyere ntụgharị ike.

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